الموضوع
:
أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
عرض مشاركة واحدة
02-16-2012, 10:42 PM
المشاركة
29
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
تابع ....اشوكا
Conquest of Kalinga
While the early part of Ashoka's reign was apparently quite bloodthirsty, he became a follower of the
Buddha
's teaching after his conquest of
Kalinga
on the east coast of India in the present-day states of
Orissa
and North Coastal
Andhra Pradesh
. Kalinga was a state that prided itself on its sovereignty and democracy. With its monarchical parliamentary democracy it was quite an exception in ancient Bharata where there existed the concept of
Rajdharma
. Rajdharma means the duty of the rulers, which was intrinsically entwined with the concept of bravery and
Kshatriya
dharma. The Kalinga War happened eight years after his coronation. From his 13th inscription, we come to know that the battle was a massive one and caused the deaths of more than 100,000 soldiers and many civilians who rose up in defense; over 150,000 were deported.
[7]
When he was walking through the grounds of Kalinga after his conquest, rejoicing in his victory, he was moved by the number of bodies strewn there and the wails of the kith and kin of the dead.
Death and legacy
The
Junagadh
rock contains inscriptions by Ashoka (fourteen of the
Edicts of Ashoka
),
Rudradaman I
and
Skandagupta
.
Ashoka ruled for an estimated forty years. After his death, the Mauryan dynasty lasted just fifty more years. Ashoka had many wives and children, but many of their names are lost to time.
Mahindra
and
Sanghamitra
were twins born by his first wife, Devi, in the city of
Ujjain
. He had entrusted to them the job of making his state religion, Buddhism, more popular across the known and the unknown world.
Mahindra
and
Sanghamitra
went into
Sri Lanka
and converted the King, the Queen and their people to Buddhism. They were naturally not handling state affairs after him.
In his old age, he seems to have come under the spell of his youngest wife
Tishyaraksha
. It is said that she had got his son
Kunala
, the regent in
Takshashila
, blinded by a wily
stratagem
. The official executioners spared Kunala and he became a wandering singer accompanied by his favourite wife
Kanchanmala
. In
Pataliputra
, Ashoka hears Kunala's song, and realizes that Kunala's misfortune may have been a punishment for some past sin of the emperor himself and condemns Tishyaraksha to death, restoring Kunala to the court. Kunala was succeeded by his son,
Samprati
, but his rule did not last long after Ashoka's death.
The reign of Ashoka Maurya could easily have disappeared into history as the ages passed by, and would have had he not left behind a record of his trials. The testimony of this wise king was discovered in the form of magnificently sculpted pillars and boulders with a variety of actions and teachings he wished to be published etched into the stone. What Ashoka left behind was the first written language in India since the ancient city of
Harappa
. The language used for inscription was the then current spoken form called
Prakrit
.
In the year 185 BC, about fifty years after Ashoka's death, the last Maurya ruler,
Brhadrata
, was assassinated by the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan armed forces,
Pusyamitra Sunga
, while he was taking the Guard of Honor of his forces. Pusyamitra Sunga founded the
Sunga dynasty
(185 BC-78 BC) and ruled just a fragmented part of the Mauryan Empire. Many of the northwestern territories of the Mauryan Empire (modern-day Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan) became the
Indo-Greek Kingdom
.
In 1992, Ashoka was ranked #53 on
Michael H. Hart
's
list of the most influential figures in history
. In 2001, a semi-fictionalized portrayal of Ashoka's life was produced as a motion picture under the title
Asoka
. King Ashoka, the third monarch of the Indian Mauryan dynasty, has come to be regarded as one of the most exemplary rulers in world history. The British historian H.G. Wells has written: "Amidst the tens of thousands of names of monarchs that crowd the columns of history, their majesties and graciousnesses and serenities and royal highnesses and the like, the name of Asoka shines, and shines, almost alone, a star."
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