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أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
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25- سيروس العظيم
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Cyrus the Great
(c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or
Achaemenid Empire
Cyrus II of Persia (
Old Persian
:
Kuruš
(c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC, commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the
Achaemenid Empire
. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the
ancient Near East
, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of
Southwest Asia
and much of
Central Asia
, parts of
Europe
and
Caucasus
. From the
Mediterranean sea
and
Hellespont
in the west to the
Indus River
in the east, Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen.
Early life
The best-known date for the birth of Cyrus the Great is either 600-599 BC or 576-575 BC. Little is known of his early years, as there are only a few sources known to detail that part of his life, and they have been damaged or lost.
Herodotus's story of Cyrus's early life belongs to a genre of legends in which abandoned children of
noble birth
, such as
Oedipus
and
Romulus and Remus
, return to claim their royal positions.
Similar to other culture's heroes and founders of great empires,
folk
traditions abound regarding his family background. According to
Herodotus
, he was the grandson of the
Median king
Astyages
and was brought up by humble herding folk
.
In another version,
he was presented as the son of a poor family that worked in the Median court.
These folk stories are, however, contradicted by Cyrus's own testimony, according to which he was preceded as king of Persia by his father, grandfather and great-grandfather.
After the birth of Cyrus the Great,
Astyages
had a dream that his
Magi
interpreted as a sign that his grandson would eventually overthrow him
. He then ordered his steward
Harpagus
to kill the infant.
Harpagus, morally unable to kill a newborn, summoned the
Mardian
Mitradates (which the historian
Nicolaus of Damascus
calls Atradates), a royal bandit herdsman from the mountainous region bordering the Saspires,
]
and ordered him to leave the baby to die in the mountains
.
Luckily, the herdsman and his wife (whom Herodotus calls Cyno in
Greek
, and Spaca-o in Median)
took pity and raised the child as their own
, passing off their recently
stillborn
infant as the murdered Cyrus.
For the origin of Cyrus the Great's mother, Herodotus identifies
Mandane of Media
, and
Ctesias
insists that she is fully Persian but gives no name, while Nicolaus gives the name "Argoste" as Atradates's wife; whether this figure represents Cyno or Cambyses's unnamed Persian queen has yet to be determined. It is also noted that
Strabo
has said that Cyrus was
originally named Agradates by his stepparents;
therefore, it is probable that, when reuniting with his original family, following the naming customs, Cyrus's father,
Cambyses I
, names him Cyrus after his grandfather, who was
Cyrus I
.
Herodotus claims that when Cyrus the Great was ten years old, it was obvious that Cyrus was not a herdsman's son, stating that his behavior was too noble.
Astyages
interviewed the boy and noticed that they resembled each other. Astyages ordered Harpagus to explain what he had done with the baby, and, after Harpagus confessed that he had not killed the boy, Astyages tricked him into eating his own broiled and chopped up son.
Astyages was more lenient with Cyrus and allowed him to return to his biological parents, Cambyses and Mandane
.
While Herodotus's description may be a legend, it does give insight into the figures surrounding Cyrus the Great's early life.
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