الموضوع
:
أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
عرض مشاركة واحدة
02-21-2012, 04:31 PM
المشاركة
115
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
45- جون الثاني ملك اراجون
·
John II of Aragon
(
1398
–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
John II the Faithless, also known as the Great (29 June 1398 – 20 January 1479) was the
King of Aragon
from 1458 until 1479, and
jure uxoris
King of Navarre from 1425 until his death. He was the son of
Ferdinand I
والده
)
Ferdinand I
(Spanish:
Fernando I
; 27 November 1380 –
2 April 1416
(.
and his wife
Eleanor of Alburquerque
.
والدته
)
Eleanor, 2nd Countess of Alburquerque
(1374–16 December 1435)
John is regarded as one of the most memorable and most unscrupulous kings of the 15th century.
In his youth he was one of the
infantes
(princes) of Aragon who took part in the dissensions of Castile during the minority and reign of
John II
. Till middle life he was also lieutenant-general in Aragon for his brother and predecessor
Alfonso V
, whose reign was mainly spent in
Italy
. In his old age he was engaged in incessant conflicts with his Aragonese and Catalan subjects, with
Louis XI of France
, and in preparing the way for the marriage of his son Ferdinand with
Isabella I of Castile
which brought about the union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile, that was to create the
Kingdom of Spain
. His trouble with his subjects were closely connected with the tragic dissension in his own family.
John was first married to
Blanche I of Navarre
of the house of
Évreux
. By right of Blanche he became
king of Navarre
, and on her death in 1441 he was left in possession of the kingdom for his lifetime. But a son,
Charles
, given the title "Prince of Viana" as heir of Navarre, had been born of the marriage. John quickly came to regard his son with jealousy. After his second marriage, to
Juana Enríquez
, this grew into absolute hatred and was encouraged by Juana. John tried to deprive his son of his constitutional right to act as lieutenant-general of Aragon during his father's absence. Charles's cause was taken up by the Aragonese, and the king's attempt to make his second wife lieutenant-general was set aside.
There followed the long
Navarrese Civil War
, with alternations of success and defeat, ending only with the death of the prince of Viana, perhaps by poison given him by his stepmother, in 1461. The
Catalans
, who had adopted the cause of Charles and who had grievances of their own, called in a succession of foreign pretenders in a
War against John II
. John spent his last years contending with these. He was forced to pawn
Roussillon
, his possession on the north-east of the Pyrenees, to King
Louis XI of France
, who refused to part with it.
In his old age John was blinded by
cataracts
, but recovered his eyesight by the operation of couching conducted by his physician
Abiathar Crescas
, a . The Catalan revolt was pacified in 1472, but John carried on a war, in which he was generally unfortunate, with his neighbor the French king till his death in 1479. He was succeeded by
Ferdinand
, his son by his second marriage, who was already married to
Isabella I of Castile
. With his death and son's accession to the throne of Aragon, the unification of Spain under one royal house began in earnest.
يتيم الاب في سن الـ 18
رد مع الإقتباس