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==
57- ميثرديتس السادس
·
Mithridates VI of Pontus
(134 BC–63 BC), ruler of
Pontus
and the
Bosporan Kingdom
Mithridates VI or Mithradates VI (
Greek
:
Μιθραδάτης
), from Old Persian
Mithradatha
, "gift of
Mithra
";
134 BC – 63 BC
, also known as Mithradates the Great (Megas) and Eupator Dionysius, was king of
Pontus
and
Armenia Minor
in northern
Anatolia
(now
Turkey
) from about 120 BC to 63 BC. Mithridates is remembered as one of the
Roman Republic
’s most formidable and successful enemies, who engaged three of the prominent generals from the late Roman Republic in the
Mithridatic Wars
:
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
,
Lucullus
and
Pompey
.
Ancestry, family and early life
Mithridates was a prince of
Persian
and
Greek Macedonian ancestry
. He claimed descent from King
Darius I of Persia
and was descended from the generals of
Alexander the Great
and later kings:
Antigonus I Monophthalmus
,
Seleucus I Nicator
and
Regent
,
Antipater
. Mithridates was born in the Pontic city of
Sinope
,
[2]
and was raised in the
Kingdom of Pontus
.
He was the first son and among the children born to
Laodice VI
والدته
)
Laodice VI
(flourished 2nd century BC, died 115 BC-113 BC
)
والده
and
Mithridates V of Pontus
(reigned 150–
120
BC).
Mithridates V Euergetes (
Greek
:
Μιθριδάτης
ὁ
ε
ὐ
εργέτης
, which means "Mithridates the benefactor"; flourished 2nd century BC, reigned 150 BC – 120 BC); also known as
Mithridates V of Pontus
,
Mithradates V of Pontus
and
Mithradates V Euergetes
,
[1]
was a Prince and
seventh King
of the wealthy
Kingdom of Pontus
His parents were distant relatives and had lineage from the
Seleucid Dynasty
. His father, Mithridates V, was a prince and the son of the former Pontic Monarchs
Pharnaces I of Pontus
and his wife-cousin
Nysa
.
His mother, Laodice VI, was a Seleucid Princess and the daughter of the Seleucid Monarchs
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
and his wife-sister
Laodice IV
.
Mithridates V was assassinated in about 120 BC in
Sinope
, poisoned by unknown persons at a lavish banquet which he held.
[3]
In the will of Mithridates V, he left the Kingdom to the joint rule of Laodice VI, Mithridates and his younger brother,
Mithridates Chrestus
. Mithridates and his younger brother were both under aged to rule and their mother retained all power as regent.
[4]
Laodice VI’s regency over Pontus was from 120 BC to 116 BC (even perhaps up to 113 BC) and favored Mithridates Chrestus over Mithridates. During his mother’s regency, he had escaped from the plotting of his mother and had gone into hiding.
Mithridates between 116 BC and 113 BC returned to Pontus from hiding and was hailed King. He was able to remove his mother and his brother from the Pontic throne, thus becoming the sole ruler of Pontus. Mithridates showed clemency towards his mother and brother, imprisoning them both.
[5]
Laodice VI died in prison of natural causes. However, Mithridates Chrestus could have died in prison from natural causes or was tried for treason and was executed on his orders.
[5]
When they died, Mithridates gave his mother and brother a royal funeral.
[6]
Mithridates married his first young sister
Laodice
.
[7]
Laodice was 16 years old and was her brother’s first wife. Mithridates married Laodice to preserve the purity of their blood-line, as a wife to rule with him as a sovereign over Pontus, to ensure the succession to his legitimate children, and to claim his right as a ruling monarch.
Early reign
Map of the Kingdom of Pontus, Before the reign of Mithridates VI (dark purple), after his conquests (purple), and his conquests in the first Mithridatic wars (pink).
Mithridates entertained ambitions of making his state the dominant power in the
Black Sea
and
Anatolia
. After he subjugated
Colchis
, the king of Pontus clashed for supremacy in the
Pontic steppe
with the
Scythian
King
Palacus
. The most important centres of
Crimea
,
Tauric Chersonesus
and the
Bosporan Kingdom
readily surrendered their independence in return for Mithridates' promises to protect them against the Scythians, their ancient enemies. After several abortive attempts to invade the Crimea, the Scythians and the allied
Rhoxolanoi
suffered heavy losses at the hands of the Pontic general
Diophantus
and accepted Mithridates as their overlord. The young king then turned his attention to Anatolia, where Roman power was on the rise. He contrived to partition
Paphlagonia
and
Galatia
with King
Nicomedes III of Bithynia
. It soon became clear to Mithridates that Nicomedes was steering his country into an anti-Pontic alliance with the expanding Roman Republic. When Mithridates fell out with Nicomedes over control of
Cappadocia
, and defeated him in a series of battles, the latter was constrained to openly enlist the assistance of Rome. The Romans twice interfered in the conflict on behalf of Nicomedes (92–95 BC), leaving Mithridates, should he wish to continue the expansion of his kingdom, with little choice other than to engage in a future Roman-Pontic war.
-
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