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·
Odo the Great
(died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
Odo the Great (also called
Eudes
or
Eudo
) (
died c. 735
),
Duke of Aquitaine
, obtained this dignity by 700. His territory included the
Duchy of Vasconia
in the south-west of
Gaul
and the Duchy of
Aquitaine
(at that point located north-east of the river
Garonne
), a realm extending from the
Loire
to the
Pyrenees
, with capital in
Toulouse
. He retained it until his abdication in 735.
His earlier life is obscure,
غامض
as are his ancestry and ethnicity. Several
Dukes of Aquitaine
have been named as Odo's father:
Boggis
or Bertrand, to whom errant historians ascribed descent from the
Merovingian
Charibert II
(based on the forged
Charte d'Alaon
), as also Duke
Lupus I
, who was not Merovingian at all. Odo is called the brother of
Hubertus
.
Odo succeeded to the ducal throne maybe as early as 679, probably the date of the death of Lupus, or 688. Other dates are possible, including 692, but he was certainly in power by 700. In 715 he declared himself independent during the civil war raging in Gaul. It is not likely that he ever took the title of king.
In 718, he appears as the ally of
Chilperic II
of
Neustria
and the
Mayor of the Palace
Ragenfrid
, who may have offered recognition of his kingship over Aquitaine. They were fighting against the
Austrasian
mayor of the palace
,
Charles Martel
; but after the defeat of Chilperic at
Soissons
that year, he probably made peace with Charles by surrendering to him the Neustrian king and his treasures.
Odo was also obliged to fight both the
Umayyads
and the
Franks
who invaded his kingdom. On June 9, 721, he inflicted a major defeat upon
Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi
at the
Battle of Toulouse
, a victory celebrated with gifts from the
Pope
and solidifying Odo's independence. To help secure his borders he married his daughter, probably named Lampegia, to the Muslim rebel lord
Uthman ibn Naissa
, called "Munuza" by the Franks, the deputy governor of what would later become
Catalonia
.
The peace was not to last. In 731, the Frankish Charles Martel, after defeating the Saxons, turned his attention to the rival southern realm of Aquitaine, crossed the Loire and broke the peace treaty held with Odo. Odo engaged the Frankish troops but was defeated. Charles in turn looted Aquitaine and went back to Francia. Meanwhile, the Ummayads were gathering forces to attack Odo's ally in the Pyrenean region of
Cerdanya
Uthman ibn Naissa
. Busy as Odo was trying to fend off Charles´s thrust, he didn't make it to help his ally and Uthman ibn Naissa was overcome and killed by
Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi
.
In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi's troops raided Vasconia, advanced towards Bordeaux and ransacked the city. Odo engaged them but was
defeated near Bordeaux
by the Umayyads. Following the defeat, Odo pleaded with
Charles Martel
, Mayor of the palaces of
Neustria
and
Austrasia
, for assistance in fighting the Arab advance. The alliance defeated the Umayyads at the
Battle of Tours
in 732, and repelled the Arabs out of Aquitaine. Odo played a major role in planning the victory.
In 735 the Duke Odo abdicated and was succeeded by his son
Hunald
. He died thereafter, probably in a monastery, perhaps as late as 740. His popularity in Aquitaine is attested by the
Vita Pardulfi
.
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