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Peter III of Aragon
(1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
Peter the Great (
Catalan
:
Pere el Gran
,
Aragonese
:
Pero lo Gran
;
1239
,
Valencia
– 2 November 1285) was the
King of Aragon
(as Peter III) of
Valencia
(as Peter I), and
Count of Barcelona
(as Peter II) from 1276 to his death. He conquered
Sicily
and became
its king
in 1282. He was one of the greatest of medieval Aragonese monarchs.
Youth and succession
Peter was the eldest son of
James I of Aragon
(
James I the Conqueror (
Catalan
:
Jaume el Conqueridor
,
Aragonese
:
Chaime lo Conqueridor
,
Spanish
:
Jaime el Conquistador
,
Occitan
:
Jacme lo Conquistaire
; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was the
King of Aragon
,
Count of Barcelona
, and
Lord of Montpellier
from 1213 to 1276.)
and his second wife
Yolanda of Hungary
.
(Violant of Hungary (c. 1216–1253)
was
Queen consort
of
James I of Aragon
)
ماتت وعمر بيتر 14 سنه
On 13 June 1262, he married
Constance
, daughter and heiress of
Manfred of Sicily
. During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the
Reconquista
against the
Moors
.
[1]
On James' death, the lands of the
Crown of Aragon
were divided, with Aragon and Valencia, along with the
Catalan counties
, going to the eldest son, Peter, while the
Balearic Islands
(constituted as the
Kingdom of Majorca
), alongside the territories in the
Languedoc
(
Montpellier
and
Roussillon
), went to the second son,
James
. Peter and Constance were crowned in
Zaragoza
(the capital of Aragon) in November by the
archbishop of Tarragona
. At this ceremony, Peter renounced all feudal obligations to the papacy which his grandfather
Peter II
had incurred.
Early rebellions
Peter's first act as king was to complete the pacification of his Valencian territory, an action which had been underway on his father's death.
However, a revolt soon broke out in Catalonia, led by the viscount of
Cardona
and abetted by
Roger-Bernard III of Foix
,
Arnold Roger I of Pallars Sobirà
, and
Ermengol X of Urgell
.
[1]
The rebels had grown a hatred for Peter in response to the severity of his dealings with them in the days of his father. Now, as king, they opposed him for not summoning the Catalan
corts
, or assembly, and confirming its privileges.
At the same time, a succession crisis continued in the
County of Urgell
. When
Count Álvaro
died in 1268, the families of his two wives, Constance, a daughter of
Pedro Moncada of Béarn
, and Cecilia, a daughter of
Roger-Bernard II of Foix
, began a long fight over the inheritance of his county. Meanwhile, a good portion of the county had been repossessed by James and thus inherited by Peter. In 1278, Armengol X, Álvaro's eldest son, succeeded in recovering most of his lost patrimony and came to an agreement with Peter whereby he recognised the latter as his suzerain.
[1]
In 1280, Peter defeated the stewing rebellion led by Roger-Berengar III after besieging the rebels in
Balaguer
for a month. Most of the rebel leaders were imprisoned in
Lleida
until 1281, while Roger-Bernard was imprisoned until 1284.
Death and legacy
A
croat
minted at Barcelona, bearing the image of Peter and the words
Petrus Dei gracia rex
(Peter by the grace of God king) and
civitas Barcenona
(city of Barelona)
Peter died at
Vilafranca del Penedès
on 2 November 1285, in the same year as his royal foe
Philip
, and was buried in the monastery of
Santes Creus
.
[8]
His deathbed absolution occurred after he declared that his conquests had been in the name of his familial claims and never against the claims of the church.
Peter left Aragon to his eldest son
Alfonso III
and Sicily to his second son
James II
. Peter's third son,
Frederick III
, in succession to his brother James, became regent of Sicily and in due course its king. Peter did not provide for his youngest son and namesake, Peter (1275 – 25 August 1296), who married
Constanca Mendes de Silva
, daughter of
Soeiro Mendes Petite
, governor of
Santarém
in Portugal. This Peter left Spain for Portugal with his sister Elizabeth.
Peter also had two daughters,
Elisabeth
, who married
Denis of Portugal
, and
Yolanda
(1273 – August 1302), who married
Robert of Naples
.
In the
Divine Comedy
,
Dante Alighieri
sees Peter "singing in accord" (
d'ogni valor portó cinta la corda
) with his former rival, Charles I of Sicily, outside the gates of
Purgatory
. He is also the main character of Shakespare's
Much Ado About Nothing
.
يتيم الام في سن الـ 14
رد مع الإقتباس