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78- سامودراجبوتا
·
Samudragupta
(c. 335–375), ruler of the
Gupta empire
in the Indian subcontinent
Samudragupta (Samudragupta the Great), ruler of the
Gupta Empire
(c. AD 335 – 375), and successor to
Chandragupta I
, is considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in
Indian history
according to Historian V. A. Smith. His name is taken to be a title acquired by his conquests (
samudra
referring to the 'oceans'). Samudragupta the Great is believed to have been his father's chosen successor even though he had several elder brothers.
Therefore, some believe that after the death of
Chandragupta I
, there was a struggle for succession in which Samudragupta prevailed
.
Sources
The main source of Samudragupta's history is an inscription engraved on one of the rocks set up by
Asoka the Great
in Kausambi (present day
delhi
). In this inscription Samudragupta details his conquests. This inscription is also important because of the political geography of India that it indicates by naming the different kings and peoples who populated India in the first half of the fourth century AD. The inscription to Samudragupta's martial exploits states that its author is Harisena, who was an important poet of Samudragupta's court.
Samudragupta's conquests
The beginning of Samudragupta's reign was marked by the defeat of his immediate neighbours, Achyuta, ruler of Ahichchhatra, and Nagasena. Following this Samudragupta began a campaign against the kingdoms to the south. This southern campaign took him south along the
bay of Bengal
. He passed through the forest tracts of
Madhya Pradesh
, crossed the
Orissa
coast, marched through
Ganjam
,
Vishakapatnam
,
Godavari
,
Krishna
and
Nellore
districts and may have reached as far as
Kancheepuram
. Here however he did not attempt to maintain direct control. After capturing his enemies he reinstated them as tributary kings. This act prevented the Gupta Empire from attaining the almost immediate demise of the
Maurya Empire
and is a testament to his abilities as a statesman.
The details of Samudragupta's campaigns are too numerous to recount (these can be found in the first reference below). However it is clear that he possessed a powerful navy in addition to his army. In addition to tributary kingdoms, many other rulers of foreign states like the
Saka
and
Kushan
kings accepted the suzerainty of Samudragupta and offered him their services.Samudragupta is called 'Napolean of India' because he waged many wars.At first he defeated the the rulers of Western UP and Delhi and brought them under his direct rule.Next,frontier states of Kamrupa(Assam),Bengal in the East and Punjab in the West ,were made to accept his suzerainty.He also brought the forest tribes of the Vindhya region under his rule.samudragupta
Patronage
A coin created by Samudragupta I to commemorate the Ashvamedha ritual. The tethered horse is depicted on the left; the queen, carrying ritual equipment, is on the right
Much is known about Samudragupta through coins issued by him and inscriptions. These were of eight different types and all made of pure
gold
. His conquests brought him the gold and also the coin-making expertise from his acquaintance with the
Kushana
. Samudragupta is also known to have been "a man of culture". He was a patron of learning, a celebrated poet and a musician. Several coins depict him playing on the Indian
lyre
or
veena
. He gathered a galaxy of poets and scholars and took effective actions to foster and propagate religious, artistic and literary aspects of
Indian culture
. Though he favoured the
Hindu religion
like the other Gupta kings, he was reputed to possess a tolerant spirit vis-a-vis other religions. A clear illustration of this is the permission granted by him to the king of
Ceylon
to build a monastery for Buddhist pilgrims in
Bodh Gaya
.Samudragupta is called 'Napolean of India' because he waged many wars.
الابن الأصغر للملك الذي سبقه ويعتقد أن صراع قد قام بين الأخوة بعد موت الأب للاستلاء على الحكم وانتصر فيه هذا الشخص.
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