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94- فلدامير الاول
Valdemar I of Denmark
(14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as
Valdemar the Great
, was King of
Denmark
from 1157 until his death in 1182.
Biography
He was the son of
Canute Lavard
, a chivalrous and popular Danish prince, who was the eldest son of
Eric I of Denmark
. Valdemar's father was murdered by
Magnus the Strong
days before the birth of Valdemar; his mother,
Ingeborg of Kiev
, daughter of
Mstislav I of Kiev
and
Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden
, named him after her grandfather,
Vladimir Monomakh
of
Kiev
.
As an heir to the throne, and with his rivals quickly gaining power, he was raised in the court of
Asser Rig of Fjenneslev
, together with Asser's sons,
Absalon
and
Esbern Snare
, who would become his trusted friends and ministers.
In 1146, when Valdemar was fifteen years old, King
Erik III Lamb
abdicated and a civil war erupted. The pretenders to the throne were:
Sweyn III Grathe
, son of
Eric II Emune
, son of Eric I.
Canute V
, son of Magnus the Strong who was the son of
King Niels
, who was the brother of Erik I. Valdemar himself held
Jutland
, at least
Schleswig
, as his possession. The civil war lasted the better part of ten years.
In 1157, the three agreed to part the country in three among themselves. Sweyn hosted a great banquet for Canute, Absalon, and Valdemar during which he planned to dispose of all of them. Canute was killed, but Absalon and Valdemar escaped. Valdemar returned to Jutland. Sweyn quickly launched an invasion, only to be defeated by Valdemar in the
Battle of Grathe Heath
. He was killed during flight, supposedly by a group of peasants who stumbled upon him as he was fleeing from the battlefield. Valdemar, having outlived all his rival pretenders, became the sole King of Denmark.
In 1158 Absalon was elected
Bishop of Roskilde
, and Valdemar made him his chief friend and advisor. He reorganized and rebuilt war-torn Denmark. At Absalon's instigation he declared war upon the
Wends
who were raiding the Danish coasts. They inhabited
Pomerania
and the island of
Rügen
in the
Baltic Sea
. In 1168 the Wendish capital,
Arkona
, was taken, and the Wends became Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty. Danish influence reached into Pomerania.
Valdemar's reign saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its zenith under his second son
Valdemar II
.
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