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اعظم 100 كتاب في التاريخ: ما سر هذه العظمة؟- دراسة بحثية
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مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
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تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
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هالدور لاكسنس
هو أديب آيسلندي ولد في 23 افريل 1902 وتوفي في 8 فيفري
1998.
تحصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب لسنة 1955 و ايضا حصل على جائزة الاتحاد
السوفيتي للسلام في الاعمال الادبيةو كان ذلك في سنة 1953 . تتمحور جميع أعماله حول
بلده
آيسلندا
.
نشر أول
رواية له في سن السابعة عشرة من عمره تناول فيها مرحلة طفولته وأطلق على الرواية
اسم «طفل الطبيعة». أما الرواية التي لفتت أنظار الأوساط الأدبية إليه كانت «النساج
العظيم من كشمير» ونشرت عام 1929
.
تخرج من
المدرسة اللاتينية الآيسلندية وبعدها زار أرجاء أوروبا لدراسة الديانة
المسيحية
واللغات
الأجنبية، وفي النهاية قرر عدم دخول سلك الرهبنة. وعند انتهاء
الحرب العالمية
الأولى
، أمضى زمنا طويلا في أوروبا
والولايات المتحدة، وحاول أن يجد لنفسه عملا في
هوليوود
ككاتب
سيناريو بين 1927 و 1929
Halldór Kiljan Laxness (
Icelandic:
[ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs]
(
listen
); born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was a twentieth-century
Icelandic
writer. Throughout his career Laxness wrote
poetry
, newspaper articles,
plays
,
travelogues
,
short stories
, and
novels
. Major influences on his writings include
August Strindberg
,
Sigmund Freud
,
Sinclair Lewis
,
Upton Sinclair
,
Bertolt Brecht
and
Ernest Hemingway
. He received the 1955
Nobel Prize in Literature
, and is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate.
Early life
Laxness was born under the name Halldór Guðjónsson (following the tradition of
Icelandic patronymics
) in
Reykjavik
in 1902, the son of Guðjón Helgason and Sigríður Halldórsdóttir. After spending his early years in Reykjavik, he moved with
his family in 1905 to
Laxnes
near
Mosfellsbær
, a more rural area just north of the capital
.
He soon started to read books and write stories. At the age of 14 his first article was published in the newspaper
Morgunblaðið
under the name "H.G." His first book, the novel
Barn náttúrunnar
(translated
Child of Nature
), was published in 1919.
[2]
At the time of its publication he had already begun his travels on the European continent.
1920s
In 1922, Laxness joined
the
Abbaye
St. Maurice
et St. Maur in
Clervaux
,
Luxembourg
. The
monks
followed the rules of
Saint Benedict of Nursia
. Laxness was baptized and confirmed in the
Catholic Church
early in 1923. Following his confirmation, he adopted the surname
Laxness
(in honor of the homestead where he had been raised) and added the name
Kiljan
(an Icelandic spelling of the
Irish
martyr
Saint Killian
).
Inside the walls of the abbey
دير
,
he practiced self-study, read books, and studied
French
,
Latin
,
theology
and
philosophy
. While there, he composed the story
Undir Helgahnjúk
, published in 1924. Soon after his baptism, he became a member of a group which prayed for reversion of the
Nordic countries
back to Catholicism. Laxness wrote of his
Catholicism
in the book
Vefarinn mikli frá Kasmír
, published in 1927: "For a while he reached a safe haven in a Catholic monastery in Luxembourg, whence he sent home surrealistic poetry and gathered material for the great autobiographical novel recording his mental development, 'a witch brew of ideas presented in a stylistic furioso' (Peter Hallberg),
Vefarinn mikli frá Kasmír
. I have long thought that this work was marked by the chaos of
German expressionism
; at any rate it has the abandon advocated by
André Breton
, the master of French
surrealism
. It created a sensation in Iceland and was hailed by Kristjan Albertsson as the epoch-making book it really was. In the future Laxness was always in the vanguard of stylistic development..."
[4]
"Laxness's religious period did not last long; during a visit to America he became attracted to
socialism
." Partly under the influence of Upton Sinclair, with whom he'd become friends in California, "With
Alþydubókin
(1929) Laxness... joined the socialist
bandwagon
... a book of brilliant
burlesque
and satirical essays... one of a long series in which he discussed his many travel impressions (Russia, western Europe, South America), unburdened himself of socialistic satire and propaganda, and wrote of the literature and the arts, essays of prime importance to an understanding of his own art..." Laxness lived in the United States and attempted to write screenplays for Hollywood films between 1927 and 1929.
انتقل وعمره
ثلاث سنوات مع عائلته إلى الريف حيث عاش في مزرعة والده. درس في المدرسة اللاتينية
.
سافر في أنحاء أوروبا وامريكا منذ كان في الـ 17. عاش في دير لفترة لكنه قرر عدم الانضمام إلى سلك الرهبنة
.
لا يوجد معلومات عن والديه
.
مجهول الطفولة
رد مع الإقتباس