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هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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جنكيز أيتماتوف
(
12 ديسمبر
1928
-
10 يونيو
2008
)، أديب
قرغيزي
(
سوفيتي
سابقًا
). حاز على جائزتي
لينين
والدولة، له العديد من الروايات والقصص، من رواياته : جميلة، المعلم الأول، ويطول اليوم أكثر من قرن، طريق الحصاد، النطع، السفينة البيضاء، ووداعا ياغولساري، الغرانيق المبكرة، شجيرتي في منديل أحمر، عندما تتداعى الجبال، العروس الخالدة، طفولة في قرغيزيا، نمر الثلج، الكلب الأبلق الراكض على حافة البحر.
اهتم في رواياته بالجانب
الروحي
والنفسي للإنسان، كما تبرز في عدد من رواياته اهتمامه الشديد بالبيئة والطبيعة، حفلت رواياته بالكثير من الأطراء والتقدير. أنتج فيلم
سينمائي
مأخوذ من رواية جميلة.
عمل سفيرًا
للجمهورية القرغيزية
في
بلجيكا
،
الإتحاد الأوروبي
،
حلف الناتو
واليونيسكو
.
إعدام
والده في عام
1937
في
موسكو
، مما إضطره للعمل باكرًا من عمر 14 عام.
Chyngyz Aitmatov
(
Kyrgyz
: Чыңгыз Айтматов
[tʃɯŋˈʁɯs ɑjtˈmɑtəf]
;
Russian
: Чинги́з Тореку́лович Айтма́тов) (12 December 1928 – 10 June 2008) was a
Soviet
and Kyrgyz Turk author who wrote in both Russian and
Kyrgyz
. He is the best known figure in
Kyrgyzstan
's literature.
Life
He was born to a Kyrgyz father and Tatar mother. Aitmatov's parents were civil servants in
Sheker
.
In 1937 his father was charged with "
bourgeois nationalism
" in Moscow, arrested and executed in 1938
.
[1]
Aitmatov lived at a time when Kyrgyzstan was being transformed from one of the most remote lands of the
Russian Empire
to a republic of the
USSR
. The future author studied at a Soviet school in Sheker. He also worked from an early age. At fourteen he was an assistant to the Secretary at the Village
Soviet
. He later held jobs as a tax collector, a loader, an engineer's assistant and continued with many other types of work.
In 1946 he began studying at the
Animal Husbandry
Division of the Kirghiz Agricultural Institute in
Frunze
, but later switched to literary studies at the
Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
in Moscow, where he lived from 1956 to 1958. For the next eight years he worked for
Pravda
. His first two publications appeared in 1952 in Russian: "The Newspaper Boy Dziuio" and "Ашым." His first work published in Kyrgyz was "Ак Жаан" (White rain, 1954), and his well-known work "
Jamila
" (Jamila) appeared in 1958. In 1961 he was a member of the jury at the
2nd Moscow International Film Festival
.
[2]
In 1971 he was a member of the jury at the
7th Moscow International Film Festival
.
[3]
1980 saw his first novel
The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years
; his next significant novel,
The Scaffold
was published in 1988.
The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years
and other writings were translated into several languages. In 1994 he was a member of the jury at the
44th Berlin International Film Festival
.
[4]
In 2002 he was the President of the Jury at the
24th Moscow International Film Festival
.
[5]
Aitmatov suffered
kidney failure
, and on 16 May 2008 was admitted to a hospital in Nuremberg, Germany, where he died of
pneumonia
on 10 June 2008 at the age of 79.
[1]
After his death, Aitmatov was flown to Kyrgyzstan, where there were numerous ceremonies before he was buried in Ata Beyit cemetery, which he helped found
[6]
and where his father most likely is buried,
[7]
in
Chong-Tash
village,
Alamüdün district
,
Chüy oblast
, Kyrgyzstan.
His obituary in
The New York Times
characterized him as "a Communist writer whose novels and plays before the collapse of the Soviet Union gave a voice to the people of the remote Soviet republic of Kyrgyz" and adds that he "later became a diplomat and a friend and adviser to the Soviet leader
Mikhail Gorbachev
."
[8]
Work[
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]
Aitmatov in 2007
Chinghiz Aitmatov belonged to the post-war generation of writers. His output before "
Jamila
"
[9]
was not significant, a few short stories and a short novel called
Face to Face
. But it was Jamila that came to prove the author's work.
[9]
Aitmatov's representative works also include the short novels
Farewell, Gulsary!
,
[10]
The White Ship
,
The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years
,
[11]
and
The Scaffold
.
Aitmatov was honoured in 1963 with the
Lenin Prize
for
Tales of the Mountains and Steppes
(a compilation including "Jamila", "First Teacher" and "Farewell Gulsary") and was later awarded a State prize for
Farewell, Gulsary!
.
[10]
Aitmatov's art was glorified by admirers.
[12]
Even critics of Aitmatov mentioned the high quality of his novels.
[13]
Aitmatov's work has some elements that are unique specifically to his creative process. His work drew on folklore, not in the ancient sense of it; rather, he tried to recreate and synthesize oral tales in the context of contemporary life. This is prevalent in his work; in nearly every story he refers to a myth, a legend, or a folktale.
[1]
In
The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years,
a poetic legend about a young captive turned into a
mankurt
serves as a tragic allegory and becomes a significant symbolic expression of the philosophy of the novel.
A second aspect of Aitmatov's writing is his ultimate closeness to our "little brothers" the animals, for their and our lives are intimately and inseparably connected. The two center characters of
Farewell, Gulsary!
are a man and his stallion. A camel plays a prominent role in
The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years
; one of the key turns of the novel which decides the fate of the main character is narrated through the story of the camel's rut and riot.
The Scaffold
starts off and finishes with the story of a wolf pack and the great wolf-mother Akbara and her cub; human lives enter the narrative but interweave with the lives of the wolves. His some novels, like "Red Scarf" (1970) as
The Girl with the Red Scarf
(1978) were filmed.
Diplomatic career[
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In addition to his literary work, Chinghiz Aitmatov was firstly
Soviet Union
, later the Kyrgyzstan ambassador to the
European Union
,
NATO
,
UNESCO
and the
Benelux
countries.
[1]
Major works[
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]
(Russian titles in parentheses)
A Difficult Passage
(1956)
Face to Face
("Лицом к лицу", 1957)
Jamila
[9]
("Джамиля", 1958)
The First Teacher
("Первый учитель", 1962)
Tales of the Mountains and Steppes
("Повести гор и степей", 1963)
Farewell, Gulsary!
[10]
("Прощай, Гульсары", 1966)
The White Steamboat
("Белый пароход", 1970)
The Ascent of Mt. Fuji
("Восхождение на Фудзияму", 1973)
Spotted Dog Running On Seashore
("Пегий пес, бегущий краем моря", 1977)
Cranes Fly Early
(Ранние журавли, 1979)
The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years
("И дольше века длится день", 1980)
The Scaffold
("Плаха", 1986)
Cassandra's Brand
("Тавро Кассандры", 1996)
When The Mountains Fall
("Когда горы падают", 2006
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