الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
قديم 10-30-2013, 01:20 AM
المشاركة 1602
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

  • موجود
افتراضي
9- الطائرة أورفيل، ولبور رايت أمريكيان 1903م


- الأخوين رايت أيتام الام حيث ماتت الام .
- أورفيل كان عمره 18 سنة .
- ويلبر كان عمره 22 سنة
- علما بان الام كانت مريضة قبل موتها وكان الأخوين يهتمون بها .
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الأخوان رايت (بالإنجليزية: Wright brothers) هما أورفيل (19 أغسطس 1871 - 30 يناير 1948) ويلبر (16 أبريل 1867 - 30 مايو 1912).

أورفيل رايت من مواليد عام 1871 وكان يشتغل صانع وميكانيكي وفني للدراجات الهوائية من أخيه ويلبور ،أبدى الأخوان رايت اهتماماً بالطيران منذ نعومة اظافرهم.
البدايات والأبحاث

معززين بالخبرة الممتازة في مجال الميكانيك والإطلاع على العلوم التطبيقية والكثير من الولع بالطيران بدأ الاخوان رايت يعدون العدة بخطى ثابتة وبالكثير من التصميم والمثابرة لتحقيق الغاية التي كانوا بنشدون إليها وهي الارتفاع في الهواء بجسم ذات أجنحة تكون فيها قوة الرفع مستمدة من محرك، وهي أولى المحاولات التي كانت تعتمد على جسم أثقل من الهواء.
لقد ترك الاخوان رايت بتجربتهم تلك ونجاحهم التي خرجت الصحف الرئيسية في الولايات المتحدة في اليوم التالي تزف الخبر للعالم تركا أرثاً دافئاُ لا يمكن نسيانه من التأريخ للطيران والروعة في النجاح والتألق ومتعة الشعور بتحقيق حلم راود الإنسان منذ أن فتح عيناه على الطيور والنسور والكواسر وهي تجوب السماوات دونما تحقيق غايته.
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The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who were credited[1][2][3] with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. From 1905 to 1907, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.

The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium.[4][5][6][7] This method became standard and remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds.[8][9] From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving "the flying problem". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines.[10] Using a small homebuilt wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design and build wings and propellers that were more efficient than any before.[11][12] Their first U.S. patent, 821,393, did not claim invention of a flying machine, but rather, the invention of a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces.[13]

They gained the mechanical skills essential for their success by working for years in their shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles in particular influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle like a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice.[14] From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, they conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their bicycle shop employee Charlie Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first aircraft engine in close collaboration with the brothers.

The Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early External links
Childhood
Wilbur (left) and Orville (right) in 1876.
The Wright brothers were two of seven children born to Milton Wright (1828 – 1917), of English and Dutch ancestry, and Susan Catherine Koerner (1831 – 1889), of German and Swiss ancestry.[15][16] Wilbur was born near Millville, Indiana, in 1867; Orville in Dayton, Ohio, in 1871. The brothers never married. The other Wright siblings were named Reuchlin (1861–1920), Lorin (1862–1939), Katharine (1874–1929), and twins Otis and Ida (born 1870, died in infancy). In elementary school, Orville was given to mischief and was once expelled.[17]
In 1878 their father, who traveled often as a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, brought home a toy "helicopter" for his two younger sons. The device was based on an invention of French aeronautical pioneer Alphonse Pénaud. Made of paper, bamboo and cork with a rubber band to twirl its rotor, it was about a foot long. Wilbur and Orville played with it until it broke, and then built their own.[18] In later years, they pointed to their experience with the toy as the initial spark of their interest in flying.[19]








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