21- التلفاز جون لويجي بيرد، وآخرون إسكتلندي 1926م

- طفولته مجهولة لكن المعلومة الاهم هي اه كان مريضا وضعيف الصحة طوال حياته ورفض طلبة الانضمام للعسكرية. بدأ يهتم بالالكترونيات بعد ان اصابه انهيار عصبي.
- عاش جون لوجي بيرد في أحضان أسرة فقيرة فلما بلغ الثانية عشر من عمره عمل جاهدا لمساعدة والده فكان يجمع بعض الخردوات فيصلحها ويبيعها في السوق
- مازوم

Famous for:
Inventing the first working television

Later development of colour and stereoscopic television.

John Logie Baird was an engineer and inventor. Known as 'The Father of Television', he is most famous for being the first person to demonstrate a working television.

Inventiveness
Born in Helensburgh on the west coast of Scotland, John was the fourth and youngest child of the Rev John and Jessie Baird.

He showed early signs of ingenuity by setting up a telephone exchange to connect his house to those of his friends near by. His first interest in television came in 1903 after he read a German book on the photoelectric properties of selenium.

Work in wartime

Baird graduated from the Royal Technical College in Glasgow – now Strathclyde University – soon after the outbreak of the First World War.

Because of chronic ill-health, which was to plague him throughout his life, he was not accepted for military service. For a short time he worked for the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Company, before starting a small business manufacturing and marketing a water-absorbent sock. He then decided to move abroad.

Life in Trinidad

Baird sailed for Port of Spain, Trinidad in November 1919.
Realising that the island teemed with citrus fruit and sugar, he set up a jam factory.

Unfortunately the local insect life either ran off with the sugar or landed in the hot vats of boiling preserve.

Experimentation with television
Baird returned to Britain in September 1920, and after a brief spell in business in London, he started to experiment with television.

In Hastings in 1924 he transmitted the image of a Maltese cross over the distance of 10 feet.
Baird's first public demonstration of television was in 1925, in Selfridge's shop in London.

The breakthrough came in October 1925 when Baird achieved television pictures with light and shade (half-tones), making them much clearer.

He demonstrated these to invited members of the Royal Institution in January 1926. The pictures measured only 3.5 x 2 inches.

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John Logie Baird was born on 14 August 1888 in Helensburgh on the west coast of Scotland, the son of a clergyman. Dogged by ill health for most of his life, he nonetheless showed early signs of ingenuity, rigging up a telephone exchange to connect his bedroom to those of his friends across the street. His studies at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College were interrupted by the outbreak of World War One. Rejected as unfit for the forces, he served as superintendent engineer of the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Company. When the war ended he set himself up in business, with mixed results.

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It was after his nervous breakdown that he started paying attention to electronics. Marconi’s explanation about the travelling of radio waves was his area of concentration. He was almost sure that visual signals could also be transmitted through the same process. With his firm believe he started working on his project. The basic design of Baird contained a scanning disk named Nipkow disk after its German inventor, Paul Nipkow, which was developed in 1884. This device was made up of a disk made out of cardboard that had square holes in it in series, spirally placed. The Nipkow disk scanned light and dark areas when it spun with the photoelectric cell. This process converted into electrical signals. When two such disks worked in synchronization, the signals were again translated into visual images.
Baird made innovations in this idea of Nipkow and added a feature to it which could transmit signals through electromagnetic waves instead of cable wires. The innovation was not appreciated and financed much by the investors. Throughout this time, Baird took odd jobs such salesman for razor blade and a shoe shiner just to earn enough money to support himself and buy his tools. Many of his inventions involved the use of household items like string, bicycle lamps, cake tin and knitting needles etc. Finally on October 2, 1925 he accomplished in transmitting the picture of the dummy of ventriloquist from his attic’s one end to another. He got really excited and ran to the nearest shop to convince a boy to be a part of his television transmission. This invention gave fame to Baird in a jiffy also arouse interest of the investors. A television signal was sent by him from London to Glasgow in 1927 and from London to New York later in 1928. The only problem was this design produced poor quality image. Vladimir Zworykin’s design of cathode ray tube substituted Baird’s design. Baird still helped in developing improved designs of televisions. He also helped with the colored television and large and wide screen projection which he thought would later be used for movie projection for public. Baird passed away in 1946 when he was 58.
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battling what was known at the time as a 'weak constitution' for most of his life, due to a serious childhood illness, Baird died in 1946, aged 58, in Bexhill-on-sea, East Sussex from a stroke. He was buried with his Father and Mother in the family plot in Helensburgh. In the last decade, he was voted one of the 100 greatest Britons and one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history
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