26- الدبابة إرنست سونيتون إنجليزي 1914م
مجهول الطفولة

[Major General Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton, KBE,CB, DSO, RE (21 October 1868 – 15 January 1951) was a military writer and British Army officer. Swinton is credited with influencing the development and adoption of the tank by the British during the First World War. He is also known for popularising the term "no-mans land". He published several books of non-fiction and fiction including two books under the pseudonym O'le Luk-Oie.
Early life and career[edit]

Swinton was born in Bangalore, India in 1868, his father worked for the Madras Civil Service. He was educated at University College School, Rugby School, Cheltenham College, Blackheath Proprietary School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He became an officer in the Corps of Royal Engineers in 1888, serving in India and becoming Lieutenant in 1891.

He served as a Captain during the Second Boer War (1899-1901), and received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in November 1900.[1] After the war, he wrote his book on small unit tactics, The Defence of Duffer's Drift, a military classic on minor tactics that has been used by the Canadian and British Armies to train their NCOs and officers and US military to train its officers.[2][3] In the years leading up to the First World War, he served as a staff officer and as an official historian of the Russo-Japanese War.T][/LEFT

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Swinton was born in Bangalore, India in 1868. He was educated at University College School, Rugby School, Cheltenham College, Blackheath Proprietary School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He became an officer in the Corps of Royal Engineers in 1888, serving in India and becoming Lieutenant in 1891. He received the DSO in the Second Boer War (1899-1902). After the war, he wrote his book on small unit tactics, The Defense of Duffer's Drift, a military classic on minor tactics that has been used by the United States military to train its officers[1][2]. In the years leading up to the First World War he served as a staff officer and as an official historian of the Russo-Japanese War. The War Minister, Lord Kitchener appointed Swinton as the official British war correspondent on the Western Front. Journalists were not allowed at the front and Swinton's reports were censored leading to an effectively uncontroversial although evenhanded reporting. Swinton recounts in his book Eyewitness how he first got the sudden idea to build a tank on 19 October 1914, while driving a car in France. It is known he in July 1914 received a letter from a friend, the South-African engineer Hugh Merriot, asking his attention for the fact that armoured tractors might be very useful in warfare. November 1914 Swinton, then a Major, suggested the idea of an armoured tracked vehicle to the military authorities. [3]. In the same year he prepared from his own resources a propaganda leaflet and had it dropped from aircraft over German troops. His armoured vehicle proposal was stalled within the British Army but Colonel Maurice Hankey late December took it to Winston Churchill, then at the Admiralty, which led to the formation of the Landships Committee, in which Swinton did initially not participate. In 1916 Swinton became as a Lieutenant Colonel responsible for the training of the first tank units. He created the first tactical instructions for armoured warfare. The Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors decided after the war that the inventors of the tank were Sir William Tritton, managing director of Fosters and Major Walter Gordon Wilson. In 1919 he retired as Major General. He subsequently served in the Civil Aviation department at the Air Ministry. He thereafter joined Citroën in 1922 as a director. He was Professor of Military History at Oxford University and Colonel Commandant of the Royal Tank Corps from 1934-38.