الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-13-2010, 03:55 PM
المشاركة
6
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
جوزف كنراد
هو
أديب
إنجليزي
بولندي
الأصل ولد في ما يعرف
بأوكرانيا البولندية
عام
1857
لوالد أديب مغمور انتقل مع والده إلى
بولندا
حيث توفى والده ومنها انتقل إلى
فرنسا
عام
1874
حيث عمل
بالملاحة
ثم انتقل إلى
إنجلترا
واستمر في عمله
بالبحر
. توفي عام
1924
بنوبة قلبية
وترك 13 رواية و 28
قصة قصيرة
.
أغلب رواياته لها علاقة بالبحر ويرويها بحار عجوز اسمه
مارلو
من رواياته "
قلب الظلام
" "العميل السري" و"النصر" و"
تحت عين غريبة
" و"لورد جيم".
Joseph Conrad was born in Berdichev (
Polish
:
Berdyczów
),
Kiev Governorate
(now
Berdychiv
, Ukraine), into a highly patriotic,
noble
(yet slightly impoverished) Polish family that bore the
Nałęcz
coat-of-arms
. His father,
Apollo Korzeniowski
, was a writer of politically themed plays and a translator of
Alfred de Vigny
and
Victor Hugo
from French and of
Charles Dickens
and
Shakespeare
from English. He encouraged his son Konrad to read widely in Polish and French.
In 1861 the elder Korzeniowski was arrested by
Imperial Russian
authorities in Warsaw, Poland, for helping organise what would become the
January Uprising
of 1863–64, and was exiled to
Vologda
, a city some 300 miles (480 km) north of Moscow.
His wife, Ewelina
[6]
Korzeniowska (
née
Bobrowska), and four-year-old son followed him into exile. Because of Ewelina's poor health,
Apollo
was allowed in 1865 to move to
Chernigov
,
Chernigov Governorate
, where within a few weeks Ewelina died of
tuberculosis
. Apollo died four years later in
Kraków
, leaving Conrad orphaned at the age of eleven.
In Kraków, young Conrad was placed in the care of his maternal uncle,
Tadeusz Bobrowski
– a more cautious person than Conrad's parents. Nevertheless, Bobrowski allowed Conrad to travel at the age of sixteen to
Marseille
and to begin a career as a seaman. This came after Conrad had been rejected for
Austro-Hungarian
citizenship, leaving him liable to conscription into the
Russian Army
.
Joseph Conrad
1857. Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski born December 3 in Berdichev (or vicinity) to Apollo Nalecz Korzeniowski and Evelina (Ewa) Bobrowska. Poland at that time is under the control of Russia.
1862. Conrad's father exiled to Russia because of his political liberalism, accompanied by his wife and son.
1865. Conrad's mother dies. Conrad taken into care of maternal uncle, Tadeusz Bobrowski
.
1869. Conrad and his father return to Cracow. Father dies. Conrad sporadically
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