الموضوع
:
ما سر "الروعة" في افضل مائة رواية عالمية؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
09-05-2011, 08:53 AM
المشاركة
50
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
والان ننتقل للحديث عن سر الروعة لدى
:
15
ـ سيبيل، للمؤلف بنجامين ديسرايلي
.
Sybil, or The Two Nations
is an 1845 novel by
Benjamin Disraeli
. Published in the same year as
Friedrich Engels
's
The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844
,
Sybil
traces the plight of the
working classes
of
England
. As the title suggests,
Disraeli is interested in dealing with the horrific conditions in which the majority of
England's working classes lived — or, what is generally called the
Condition of England question
.
تعالج الرواية الظروف المرعبة للطبقة العاملة البريطانية
The book is a
roman à thèse
, or a novel with a thesis — which was meant to create a
propagandistic
furor over the squalor that was plaguing England's working class cities.
Disraeli's novel was made into a silent film called
Sybil
in 1921, starring
Evelyn Brent
and Cowley Wright.
The subtitle, "The Two Nations", has five main sources:
Plato
writes in
The Republic
that each city contains two cities "warring with each other, one of the poor, the other of the rich."
1805:
Charles Hall
writes, "The people in a civilised state may be divided into different orders; but for the purpose of investigating the manner in which they enjoy or are deprived of the requisites to support the health of their bodies and minds, they need only be divided into two classes, viz., the rich and the poor."
1835:
Alexis de Tocqueville
writes of "two rival nations" (the rich and the poor).
1841:
William Channing
writes, "In most large cities there may be said to be two nations, understanding as little of one another, having as little intercourse as if they lived in different lands."
1845: Engels writes that the working class and the
bourgeoisie
are like "two radically dissimilar nations, as unlike as difference of race could make them."
Disraeli's interest in this subject stemmed from his involvement in the
Chartist movement
, a working-class political reformist movement sometimes referred to as the most successful failure of
Victorian
England.
Thomas Carlyle
sums up the movement in his 1839 essay "Chartism". The essay begins by stating, "A feeling very generally exists that the condition and disposition of the Working Classes is a rather ominous matter at present; that something ought to be said, something ought to be done, in regard to it." Chartism failed as a parliamentary movement (bills in Parliament were twice struck down); however, five of the six central tenets of Chartism would become a reality during the 19th century. The only one never to become a reality would be Annual Parliaments.
Chartism demanded:
Universal suffrage
for men
Secret Ballot
Removal of property requirements for Parliament
Salaries for
Members of Parliament
(MPs)
Electoral districts
Annually elected
Parliament
رد مع الإقتباس