الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-18-2010, 10:50 PM
المشاركة
136
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
هيرمن ملفل
Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist,
short story
writer,
essayist
and poet, whose work is often classified as part of the genre of
dark romanticism
. He is best known for his novel
Moby-Dick
and the posthumous novella
Billy Budd
.
His first three books gained much attention, the first becoming a bestseller, but after a fast-blooming literary success in the late 1840s, his popularity declined precipitously in the mid-1850s and never recovered during his lifetime. When he died in 1891, he was almost completely forgotten. It was not until the "Melville Revival" in the early 20th century that his work won recognition, most notably
Moby-Dick
which was hailed as one of the chief literary masterpieces of both American and world literature. He was the first writer to have his works collected and published by the
Library of America
.
Early life, education, and family
Herman Melville was born in New York City on August 1, 1819,
[1]
as the third child of Allan and Maria Gansevoort Melvill. After her husband Allan died, Maria added an "e" to the family surname. Part of a well-established and colorful
Boston
family, Melville's father spent a good deal of time abroad doing business deals as a commission merchant and an importer of French dry goods. The author's paternal grandfather, Major
Thomas Melvill
, an honored survivor of the
Boston Tea Party
who refused to change the style of his clothing or manners to fit the times, was depicted in
Oliver Wendell Holmes
's poem "The Last Leaf". Herman visited him in Boston, and his father turned to him in his frequent times of financial need. The maternal side of Melville's family was Hudson Valley Dutch. His maternal grandfather was General
Peter Gansevoort
, a hero of the battle of Saratoga; in his gold-laced uniform, the general sat for a portrait painted by
Gilbert Stuart
. The portrait is mentioned and described in Melville's 1852 novel,
Pierre
,
for Melville wrote out of his familial as well as his nautical background. Like the titular character in
Pierre
,
Melville found satisfaction in his "double revolutionary descent."
[2]
Allan Melvill sent his sons to the New York Male School (Columbia Preparatory School). Overextended financially and emotionally unstable, Allan tried to recover from his setbacks by moving his family to
Albany
in 1830 and going into the fur business. The new venture, however, was unsuccessful: the
War of 1812
had ruined businesses that tried to sell overseas and he was forced to declare
bankruptcy
.
He died soon afterward, leaving his family penniless, when Herman was 12
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