الموضوع: أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
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قديم 02-13-2012, 04:32 PM
المشاركة 17
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

  • موجود
افتراضي
5- الاسكندر الأول من جورجيا
ملك جورجيا


Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
Alexander I, “the Great” (Georgian: ალექსანდრე I დიდი, Alexandre I Didi) (1386 – between August 26, 1445 and March 7, 1446), of the Bagrationi house, was king of Georgia from 1412 to 1442. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur Leng’s invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. In 1442, he abdicated the throne and retired to a monastery.
Life
Alexander was the eldest son of Constantine I of Georgia and his wife Natia, daughter of the Georgian diplomat prince Kutsna Amirejibi.
He was brought up by his grandmother (Natia’s mother) Rusa (died 1413), an educated and religious noblewoman, who greatly influenced the future king’s preoccupations and his enthusiasm for religious building.
With his ascension to the throne (1412), Alexander moved to western Georgia and mediated a peace between his vassals, the rival princes of Mingrelia and Abkhazia. Then he, in 1414, met the rebellious prince Atabeg Ivane Jakeli of Samtskhe on battlefield and forced him into submission. Having dealt with these powerful feudal lords, he, aided by Catholicos Patriarch Shio II, began a program the restoration of major Georgian fortresses and churches. He imposed a temporary building tax on his subjects from 1425 to 1440, but despite the king’s efforts many towns and villages, once flourished, were left in ruin and overgrown by forest.
In 1431, he re-conquered Lorri, a Georgian marchland occupied by the Kara Koyunlu Turkoman tribesmen of Persia who had frequently raided the southern Georgian marches from there and had even sacked Akhaltsikhe in 1416. Around 1434/5, Alexander encouraged the Armenian prince Beshken II Orbelian to attack the Kara Koyunlu clansmen in Syunik (Siunia) and, for his victory, granted him Lorri under terms of vassalage. In 1440, Alexander refused to pay tribute to Jahan Shah of the Kara Kouynlu. In March, Jahan Shah surged into Georgia with 20,000 troops, destroyed the city of Samshvilde and sacked the capital city Tbilisi. He massacred thousands of Christians, put heavy indemnity on Georgia, and returned to Tabriz.
In order to reduce the power of frequently rebellious aristocracy, he opposed them by appointing his sons – Vakhtang, Demetre, and George – as his co-rulers in Kakheti, Imereti and Kartli, respectively. This, however, proved to be even dangerous to the kingdom’s integrity and the fragile unity kept by Alexander would soon disappear under his sons. For this reason, Alexander the Great is frequently claimed to have disintegrated Georgia and said not to deserve his epithet "the Great" his people bestowed on him. This appellation dates almost from his own day, however, and as the modern Georgian historian Ivane Javakhishvili presumes, might have been related to the large-scale restoration projects launched by the king and his initial success in the struggle with the Turkmen nomads.[3]
As worldly problems overwhelmed his kingdom, Alexander abdicated the throne in 1442 and retired to a monastery under the name of Athanasius.

Alexander I

ალექსანდრე I




King of Kings of Georgia



A fresco of the royal person from the Nabakhtevi monastery in Georgia. An inscription in the Georgian asomtavruli script identifies him as "Alexander, King of Kings".




Reign

1412-1442

Predecessor


Successor


Spouse


Issue


Full name

Alexander I the Great
Athanasius (monastery name)



Father


Mother


Born

1386

Died

between August 26, 1445 and March 7, 1446

Burial


Religion




الاسكندر الأول ملك جورجيا العظيم

أهم أحداث طفولته:
ربما أن أهم معلومة عن طفولة هذا الملك العظيم هي انه تربى من قبل ولدى جدته لامه، وهو ما يشير إلى احتمال أن أمه قد ماتت وهو صغير خاصة انه لا يتوفر معلومات عن والدته وعلى الاقل انفصل عن عائلته وهو صغير جدا. أما والده فقد قتل في السجن بعد أن اسر في الحرب ضد الأتراك وكان عمر الاسنكدر حينها 25 سنة على ما يبدو وربما اقل.
على كل حال وحيث أن هناك إشارة واضحة بأنه تربى عند جدته لامه وبعيدا عن والديه، وتلك جدته ماتت عام 1413 بينما كان عمره 27 سنة فسوف نعتبره يتيم اجتماعي كونه عاش بعيدا عن والديه.

يتيم اجتماعي.