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أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
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مراقب عام سابقا
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تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
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Bruno the Great
Bruno the Great (or Bruno I) (925–965) was
Archbishop of Cologne
,
Germany
, from 953 until his death, and
Duke of Lotharingia
from 954. He was the brother of
Otto I
,
king of Germany
and later
Holy Roman Emperor
.
Bruno was the youngest son of
Henry the Fowler
)
Henry I the Fowler (
German
:
Heinrich der Finkler
or
Heinrich der Vogler
;
Latin
:
Henricius Auceps
) (
876
– 2 July 936) was the
Duke of Saxony
from 912 and
German king
from 919 until his death
(
and his second wife
Matilda of Ringelheim
. While he was still a child, it was decided that
he should pursue an ecclesiastical career, and he was educated appropriately.
In 951, Otto appointed Bruno as his archchaplain.
Bruno soon received further advancement. In 953, the Archbishopric of Cologne fell vacant just when
Conrad the Red
, Duke of Lotharingia and Otto's son-in-law, had joined a rebellion against Otto. By appointing Bruno to the vacant position, Otto provided himself with a powerful ally against Conrad in Lotharingia (much of which fell under the archdiocese of Cologne) just when he needed one most. By the next year, the rebellion had collapsed. Otto deposed Conrad as Duke of Lotharingia and appointed Bruno in his place.
Bruno was to be almost the last duke of the whole of Lotharingia: in 959 two local nobles,
Godfrey
and
Frederick
, were appointed as margraves of
Lower Lotharingia
and
Upper Lotharingia
respectively. Both margraves were recognised as dukes after Bruno's death. The two duchies would only be reunited between 1033 and 1044 under
Gothelo I, Duke of Lotharingia
.
The combined positions of archbishop and duke — or
archduke
, as his biographer Ruotger called him — made Bruno the most powerful man after Otto not just in Germany but also beyond its borders. After the deaths of
Louis IV of West Francia
in 954 and
Hugh the Great
, his most powerful feudatory, in 956, Bruno, as brother-in-law to both of them and maternal uncle to their heirs
Lothair
, the new king, and
Hugh Capet
, acted as regent of west Francia.
From 961 onwards, Bruno was also appointed as Otto's regent in Germany while Otto was absent in
Italy
.
Bruno died in
Reims
in 965 and was buried in the
monastery of St Pantaleon
, which he had founded, just outside Cologne.
Bruno's position in Cologne was little short of royal. Indeed, Otto delegated to Bruno and his successors as archbishop a number of normally royal privileges — the right to build fortifications and set up markets, to strike coins and collect (and keep) such taxes as the special ones on
Jews
in return for royal protection, those on market trading and tolls from traffic along the
Rhine
. Even though Bruno's successors as archbishops would not be dukes as well, they would be the secular as well as the ecclesiastical rulers of Cologne until the
battle of Worringen
three centuries later.
Bruno's court in Cologne was the main intellectual and artistic centre of its period in Germany — far more so than that of his brother Otto, which was far more peripatetic and militarily oriented. Among others,
Ratherius
and
Liutprand of Cremona
spent time at the court. Many of the next generation of German ecclesiastical leaders were educated at Bruno's court, like
Everaclus of Liège
,
Gerard
bishop of Toul, Wikfrid, bishop of Verdun, and
Theoderic
, bishop of Metz.
Bruno's effect on medieval Cologne was immense. Apart from building a palace, he extended the
cathedral
to the point where it was regarded as rivalling
St Peter's
in
Rome
(this cathedral burned down in 1248 and was replaced by the current one). He brought the area between the old Roman walls and the Rhine within the city fortifications; and built new churches to Saint
Martin of Tours
within this area and to
Saint Andrew
just outside the northern city wall and a
Benedictine monastery
dedicated to St Pantaleon to the south-west of the city.
Bruno translated
St. Patroclus'
relics
from
Troyes
and buried them in 964 at St Patrokli Dom in
Soest
, where Patroclus is still today venerated.
ابن الملك هنري ملك المانيا قرر العائلة على ضرورة ان يعيش في الكنيسى وارسل اليها طفل صغير. مات ابوه وهو في سن الحادية عشرة,
يتم في سن الـ 11.
رد مع الإقتباس