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أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
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90 –ثيودوسيوس
Theodosius I (
Latin
:
Flavius Theodosius Augustus
;
[1]
11
January 347
– 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was
Roman Emperor
from
379 to 395
. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the
eastern
and the
western
halves of the
Roman Empire
. During his reign, the
Goths
secured control of
Illyricum
after the
Gothic War
, establishing their homeland south of the
Danube
within the empire's borders. He also issued decrees that effectively made
Christianity
the official
state religion
of the Roman Empire.
He is recognized by the
Eastern Orthodox Church
as Saint Theodosius. He defeated the usurpers
Magnus Maximus
and
Eugenius
and fostered the destruction of some prominent pagan temples: the
Serapeum
in
Alexandria
, the
Temple of Apollo
in
Delphi
, and the
Vestal Virgins
in
Rome
. After his death, Theodosius' sons
Arcadius
and
Honorius
inherited the East and West halves respectively, and the Roman Empire was never again re-united.
Career
Theodosius was born in
Cauca
or
Italica
,
Hispania
,
[
to senior military officer
Theodosius the Elder
. He accompanied his father to
Britannia
to help quell the
Great Conspiracy
in 368. He was military commander (
dux
) of
Moesia
, a Roman province on the lower
Danube
, in
374
. However, shortly thereafter, and at about the same time as the sudden disgrace and execution of his father, Theodosius retired to Spain. The reason for his retirement, and the relationship (if any) between it and his father's death is unclear. It is possible that he was dismissed from his command by the emperor
Valentinian I
after the loss of two of Theodosius' legions to the
Sarmatians
in late 374.
The death of Valentinian I in 375 created political pandemonium. Fearing further persecution on account of his family ties, Theodosius abruptly retired to his family estates in the province of
Gallaecia
(present day
Galicia, Spain
) where he adapted to the life of a provincial aristocrat.
From 364 to 375, the Roman Empire was governed by two co-emperors, the brothers
Valentinian I
and
Valens
; when Valentinian died in 375, his sons,
Valentinian II
and
Gratian
, succeeded him as rulers of the Western Roman Empire. In 378, after
Valens
was killed in the
Battle of Adrianople
, Gratian invited Theodosius to take command of the Illyrian army. As
Valens
had no successor, Gratian's appointment of Theodosius amounted to a
de facto
invitation for Theodosius to become
co-Augustus
for the East. Gratian was killed in a rebellion in 383, Theodosius then appointed his elder son,
Arcadius
, his co-ruler for the East. After the death in 392 of Valentinian II, whom Theodosius had supported against a variety of usurpations, Theodosius ruled as sole Emperor, appointing his younger son
Honorius
Augustus as his co-ruler for the West (
Milan
, on 23 January 393) and by defeating the usurper
Eugenius
on 6 September 394, at the
Battle of the Frigidus
(
Vipava
river, modern
Slovenia
) he restored peace.
Family
By his first wife, the probably Spanish
Aelia Flaccilla
Augusta, he had two sons,
Arcadius
and
Honorius
and a daughter, Aelia
Pulcheria
; Arcadius was his heir in the East and Honorius in the West. Both Aelia Flaccilla and Pulcheria died in 385.
His second wife (but never declared
Augusta
) was
Galla
, daughter of the emperor
Valentinian I
and his second wife
Justina
. Theodosius and Galla had a son Gratian, born in 388 who died young and a daughter Aelia
Galla Placidia
(392–450). Placidia was the only child who survived to adulthood and later became an Empress.
حارب الى جانب والده لكن والدع اعدم لاحقا ولا يعرف شيء عن والدته سنعتبره مجهول الطفولة.
مجهول الطفولة.
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