الموضوع: أعظم الناس:ما سر عظمتهم!!..وهل لليتم دور في العظمة؟
عرض مشاركة واحدة
قديم 02-26-2012, 04:01 PM
المشاركة 165
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

  • غير موجود
افتراضي
95- فلنتينيا الاول


Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
Valentinian I (Latin: Flavius Valentinianus Augustus;[1] 321 – 17 November 375), also known as Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375. Upon becoming emperor he made his brother Valens his co-emperor, giving him rule of the eastern provinces while Valentinian retained the west.
During his reign, Valentinian fought successfully against the Alamanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians. Most notable was his victory over the Alamanni in 367 at the Battle of Solicinium. His brilliant general Count Theodosius defeated a revolt in Africa and the Great Conspiracy, a coordinated assault on Britain by Picts, Scots, and Saxons. Valentinian was also the last emperor to conduct campaigns across both the Rhine and Danube rivers. Valentinian rebuilt and improved the fortifications along the frontiers – even building fortresses in enemy territory.
Due to the successful nature of his reign and almost immediate decline of the empire after his death, he is often considered the "last great western emperor". He founded the Valentinian Dynasty, with his sons Gratian and Valentinian II succeeding him in the western half of the empire.

Early life
Valentinian was born in 321 at Cibalae in southern Pannonia (now Vinkovci in Croatia). Valentinian and his younger brother Valens were the sons of Gratianus Major, a prominent commander during the reigns of emperors Constantine I and Constans I.[8] He and his brother grew up on the family estate where they were educated in a variety of subjects, including painting and sculpting.[9]
Gratianus was promoted to Comes Africae in the late 320's or early 330's, and the young Valentinian accompanied his father to Africa.[10] However, Gratianus was soon accused of embezzlement and was forced to retire.[10] Valentinian joined the army in the late 330's and later probably acquired the position of protector domesticus.[10] Gratianus was later recalled during the early 340s and was made comes of Britannia.[10] After holding this post, Gratianus retired to the family estate in Cibalae.[11]
In 350, Constans I was assassinated by agents of the usurper Magnentius, a commander in Gaul proclaimed emperor by his soldiers.[12] Constantius II, older brother of Constans and emperor in the East, promptly set forth towards Magnentius with a large army.[13] The following year the two emperors met in Pannonia. The ensuing Battle of Mursa Major resulted in a costly victory for Constantius.[14] Two years later he defeated Magnentius again in southern Gaul at the Battle of Mons Seleucus.[15] Magnentius, now realizing the futility of continuing his revolt, committed suicide in August that year; making Constantius sole ruler of the empire.[16] It was around this time that Constantius confiscated Gratianus' property, for supposedly showing hospitality to Magnentius when he was in Pannonia.[11] Despite his father's fall from favor, Valentinian does not seem to have been adversely affected at this time, making it unlikely he ever fought for the usurper.[17] It is known that Valentinian was in the region during the conflict, but what involvement he had in the war, if any, is unknown.


مجهول الطفولة