ملاحظة: هذا شخص آخر اهتم الروائي المصري خيري شلبي بدراسة سيرته الذاتية وتبين لي انه يتيم وهو ما يؤشر ربما الى يتم خيري شلبي نفسه.

أبو حيان التوحيدي (310 - 414 هـ / 922 - 1023 م) فيلسوف متصوف، وأديب بارع، من أعلام القرن الرابع الهجري، عاش أكثر أيامه في بغداد وإليها ينسب.
وقد امتاز أبو حيان بسعة الثقافة وحدة الذكاء وجمال الأسلوب، كما امتازت مؤلفاته بتنوع المادة، وغزارة المحتوى؛ فضلا عما تضمنته من نوادر وإشارات تكشف بجلاء عن الأوضاع الفكرية والاجتماعية والسياسية للحقبة التي عاشها، وهي -بعد ذلك- مشحونة بآراء المؤلف حول رجال عصره من سياسيين ومفكرين وكتاب.
وجدير بالذكر أن ما وصلنا من معلومات عن حياة التوحيدي -بشقيها الشخصي والعام- قليل ومضطرب، وأن الأمر لا يعدو أن يكون ظنا وترجيحا؛ أما اليقين فلا يكاد يتجاوز ما ذكره أبو حيان بنفسه عن نفسه في كتبه ورسائله.
ولعل هذا راجع إلى تجاهل أدباء عصر التوحيدي ومؤرخيه له؛ ذلك الموقف الذي تعّجب منه ياقوت الحموي في معجمه الشهير معجم الأدباء (كتاب), مما حدا بالحموي إلى التقاط شذرات من مما ورد في كتب التوحيدي عرضا عن نفسه وتضمينها في ترجمة شغلت عدة صفحات من معجمه ذاك، كما لّقبه بشيخ الصوفية وفيلسوف الأدباء؛ كنوع من رد الاعتبار لهذا العالم الفذ ولو بصورة غير مباشرة.
اسمه وكنيته
هو علي بن محمد بن العباس التوحيدي البغدادي، كنيته "أبو حيان", وهي كنية غلبت على اسمه فاشتهر بها حتى أن ابن حجر العسقلاني ترجم له في باب الكنى، وأورد اسمه مسبوقا

مولده ووفاته

كانت ولادة أبي حيان في بغداد سنة 310 هجرية؛ أما وفاته فكانت في شيراز سنة 414 هجرية وفي هذين التاريخين خلاف؛ والمقطوع به أنه كان حيا سنة 400 هجرية حسب ما تفيد بذلك بعض رسائله.

ومما يروى عن بعض أصحاب أبي حيان أنه لما حضرته الوفاة كان بين يديه جماعة من الناس فقال بعضهم لبعض: (اذكروا الله فإن هذا مقام خوف وكل يسعى لهذه الساعة) ثم جعلوا يذكرونه ويعظونه، فرفع أبو حيان رأسه إليهم وقال: (كأني أقدم على جندي أو شرطي !!! إنما أقدم على رب غفور) ومات من ساعته.

اختلفت الآراء وتعددت حول أصل أبو حيان, فقيل أن أصله من شيراز وقيل من نيسابور ولكن الراجح أنه عربي الأصل .
وكذلك اختلف في نسبته إلى التوحيد, فقيل سببها أن أباه كان يبيع نوعا من التمر العراقي ببغداد يطلق عليه "التوحيد"" وهو الذي عناه المتنبي حين قال:
يترشفن من فمي رشفاتهن فيه أحلى من التوحيدِوقيل: يحتمل أن يكون نسبة إلى التوحيد الذي هو جوهر دين الإسلام؛ لأنه معتزلي والمعتزلة يلقبون أنفسهم بـأهل العدل والتوحيد وممن مال إلى هذا الرأي ابن حجر العسقلاني نقله عنه جلال الدين السيوطي، وقال ابن خلكان في وفيات الأعيان بأنه لم يقف على هذه النسبة (يعني إلى التوحيد) في شيء من كتب الأنساب العربية.

نشأته وسماته
في عائلة من عائلات بغداد الفقيرة؛ نشأ أبو حيان يتيما, يعاني شظف العيش ومرارة الحرمان؛ لا سيما بعد رحيل والده, وانتقاله إلى كفالة عمه الذي كان يكره هذا الطفل البائس ويقسو عليه كثيرا.

وحين شب أبو حيان عن الطوق، امتهن حرفة الوراقة، ورغم أنها أتاحت لهذا الوراق الشاب التزود بكم هائل من المعرفة جعل منه مثقفا موسوعيا إلا أنها لم ترضِ طموحه ولم تتلّبِ حاجاته، مما جعله يتجه إلى وجهة أخرى، فاتصل بكبار متنفذي عصره من أمثال ابن العميد والصاحب بن عباد والوزير المهلبي غير أنه كان يعود في كل مرة صفر اليدين، خائب الآمال، ناقما على عصره ومجتمعه.
هذه الإحباطات الدائمة، والإخفاقات المتواصلة؛ انتهت بهذا العبقري إلى غاية اليأس فأحرق كتبه بعد أن تجاوز التسعين من العمر، وقبل ذلك فّر من مواجهة ظروفه الصعبة إلى أحضان التصوف عساه يجد هنالك بعض العزاء فينعم بالسكينة والهدوء.
ولعل السر في ما لاقاه أبو حيان في حياته من عناء وإهمال وفشل يعود إلى طباعه وسماته؛ حيث كان مع ذكائه وعلمه وفصاحته: واسع الطموح، شديد الاعتداد بالنفس، سوداوي المزاج... إلى غير ذلك من صفات وضعت في طريقه المتاعب وحالت دون وصوله إلى ما يريد

This child was born in Ohio in 1822, into a middle-class home, eleven weeks after his father died. He was his mother's fifth child, but only he and one older sister survived to adulthood. Two siblings had died before he was born, and when he was two years old, his 9-year-old brother died in a skating accident. His mother's brother helped out financially, and even lived with the family for a time.
His mother became overprotective, perhaps because this child was delicate, or perhaps because she had lost three children and he was her youngest. She would not let the child leave the house to attend school, or to play with other boys. Instead she and his older sister home-schooled him. His mother taught him to read and write. His sister, who historians now recognize as having a brilliant intellect, was in fact the child's primary companion until he was 14.
At age 14, he went to a boarding school, where he excelled at his studies. He was a serious student who liked to keep a journal, a habit he kept through the remainder of his life. In his journal he wrote that he would strive to always "preserve a reputation for honesty and benevolence." He also resolved to stop laughing so much. His favorite pasttime activities became fishing, playing chess, and reading novels, or as he called it "reading trash".
At age 16, he started college, and at age 20, he graduated from college as class valedictorian. At that point he wanted to learn German, French, and prepare for the study of law. So he went to live with his older sister, who by was now married, so that she could help him in these pursuits. At age 21, he was accepted into Harvard law school. The same uncle helped him with the tuition and living expenses.
In the beginning of his career as a young lawyer, he did not enjoy the practice of law. However, within five years he and a friend moved to Cincinnati and started their own law firm. He partitioned off a corner of the office for his bedroom. He became interested in the Literary Club there, then joined the Temperance Movement and started making influential friends.
When he was 30, he married a 21-year-old woman who his mother had picked out for him, and introduced to him when he had been 15. She was a college graduate -- which was very unusual in those days, and he was delighted with her when he made reacquaintance as an adult. He wrote in his journal that "A better wife I never hoped to have." In fact the two of them shared many interests, and had a solid marriage, and ultimately, 8 children together, although three died in childhood.
When the Civil War broke out, he joined to serve for four years, during which time he became interested in politics and in the new Republican party. Before even finishing service in the army, he was elected to serve in his state legislature. Following the war, he was elected governor of his state.
During his long political career, he worked for temperance, and fought against political corruption, including against the system of political spoils, a system of giving government jobs to former campaign supporters. He disagreed with many in his party on matters of integrity, and in favor of the people's welfare, such as when he opposed post-Civil War carpet-bagging, and worked in support of labor rights. He also worked against the corrupt customhouse in New York City, against the Tweed political machine, against partisanship in general , and against inflationary economic practices by getting paper money back on the gold standard.
To those in the Republican party who disagreed with some of his choices, he said, in his inauguration speech as the 19th President of the United States: "He serves his party best who serves the country best."

Rutherford B. Hayes, a boy from a "fatherless home.."
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قصة يتيم اصبح عظيم
الحلقة التاسعة من هذه السلسلة.

هذا الطفل كان اسمه رذرفورد بي. هايس يتيم جاء من بيت غاب عنه الأب لكنه تحول إلى زعيم أسطوري عظيم.
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كل يتيم هو مشروع عظيم حسب نظريتي في تفسير الطاقة الابداعية ادناه:

http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHE03RH2wntdVG1beTS4YYg

This child was born in 1865 and grew up in Missouri. He was the sixth of seven children. Life was poor and hard. His sister died when he was three, and his brother died when he was six. When he was eight, 24 people in the little town where he lived died from the measles. He himself was sickly. When he was eleven, in fifth grade, his father died of pneumonia, and at that point he had to leave school to help support the family.

He got a job in a printer's shop as what was then called a "printer's devil." That was a boy who ran errands, cleaned the shop, delivered papers, and generally did whatever his boss told him to do. Four years later, when he was 15, he had worked his way up to the job of typesetter. Perhaps it was doing this job, which required him to read carefully, that helped him become good at writing. Here and there he started writing editorials for the paper.

In some ways, his early childhood work experiences in the printer's shop were similar to those of the famous Benjamin Franklin, more than a hundred years earlier. Stories about the industrious and successful Ben Franklin regularly were held up by adults as a role model for children, and Franklin's sayings were printed in the newspaper the child worked for. In his later life, this child would say that "Benjamin Franklin ruined the childhood of every American boy!"

When he was older, this child went west to seek his fortune. He really did not want to be a typesetter but he worked at that job in different cities. Other jobs he held during his lifetime were as a failed prospector for gold, a travel writer for various newspapers, a failed inventor, a political cartoonist, an entertainer, and a publisher whose company went into bankruptcy.

He met and married a young woman from a well-off family, and invested her money badly. When he had money, himself however, he fancied himself a businessman, but he also was a spendthrift. It is said that he inherited his mother's sense of humor, and his father's lack of business acumen.

At different times in his life he was deeply in debt, although he always worked to pay back his creditors. Integrity and an honest character were of the highest importance to him, although it was sometimes unclear to others when he said things whether he was serious or kidding.

During his lifetime he lived in different countries of the world, and became just as famous as that childhood "thorn in his side", the successful Ben Franklin. By the end of his life, he too had become one of America's most beloved icons, and what he had to say on nearly every topic -- especially politics, justice, and equal rights -- was quoted around the world.

It's probable you already know his stories. He wrote many of them under a pseudonym that has become the world's most famous pen name.

This child -- who by the way also worked as a young man as a steamboat captain on the Mississippi River -- was

Samuel Clemens, aka Mark Twain, a boy from a "fatherless home."

قصة يتيم أصبح عظيم
الحلقة رقم 10 من هذه السلسلة.

This child, one of 8 siblings (6 sisters and 1 brother), was born in the mid-18th century to an ambitious and successful colonial mapmaker, surveyor and landowner, who died when the child was 14. His father, who had never received any formal education himself, believed himself to be descended from Welsh kings, and wanted his son to become well-educated in European culture.

When a wealthy friend of the father's died, the child's father inherited a large amount of land and was named guardian of the friend's orphaned children. The child thus started his schooling at age 5, at the private school with classically-trained tutors that his father set up for the children of his deceased friend.

When his own father died, the child inherited his entire estate, and so was not only well-provided for financially, but also able to continue his education as he preferred. His interests and his ideas in many respects veered considerably away from those of his father, and he sought out his own mentors. The inheritance he had received gave him an unusual amount of personal autonomy, and so he left home at age 14 to live and study with one of them. It does not appear that he had a great sense of loss about his father's death, nor did he apparently suffer from being separated for most of the time from his mother and siblings. On the contrary, it appears that he deliberately left what he considered to be a crowded and unpleasant domestic situation.

What the child was most attached to were his studies. The child was a voracious reader, and actually loved to study, sometimes studying 15 hours a day. He continued this habit throughout his life, periodically immersing himself in a wide variety of subjects, including philosophy, art, the various sciences, mathematics, Latin, Greek, horsemanship, agriculture, history, and architecture. He entered college at age 17, which he finished two years later, and then spent the next five years in the study of law and enlightenment philosophy.

When he was in his twenties, he married a young widow whose first husband had died when she was only 19. Ultimately they had six children together, although only two survived to adulthood. The marriage lasted for ten years until her death after the birth of the sixth child. Later there were rumors, which continue to this day, that he had a number of other children as well out of wedlock with another woman but these rumors are hotly disputed.

During his lifetime, this child brought the liberal ideas he amassed during his considerable and eclectic education into his lifetime career in law and politics. He participated in the Continental Congress before and through the Revolutionary War. He wrote the first draft as primary author of one of the most famous pieces of American political literature of all time. He is widely revered as the promoter of radical ideals of Republican egalitarianism and religious freedom upon which the country was founded. He also was singlehandedly responsible for the greatest-ever expansion of terroritory of the United States. Of all his accomplishments, far too many to list in full, he was perhaps proudest that he built a university, which still stands today.

This child, America's third President, and considered to be our most influential Founding Father, was

Thomas Jefferson, a boy from a "fatherless home."
This fatherless child story was researched and co-written by AJ.E.
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This child, the fifth child in his family, was born in Virginia in 1807. His parents, who were struggling with debt, were not terribly pleased about the extra mouth to feed.
To make matters worse, the child's mother, although quite beautiful, had always been sickly, and suffered from what we now would call narcolepsy. In fact, she had become so ill several years before the child was born, that she actually had been thought dead, and buried alive in the family burial vault until days later, a sexton bringing flowers heard noises in her coffin and she was rescued.
The child's father had been a well-known war hero and politician, who had fallen on hard times. His business failures and debts caused the family to lose their home. When the child was two years old, his father was thrown into jail because of these debts. Then, when the child was 11, his father completely abandoned the family and left the United States altogether. In his later life, the child resolved never to succomb to his own father's weaknesses.
The child himself, like his mother, was handsome but sickly. His mother, who shouldered the burdens of her large family alone, nevertheless imparted to the child the values of her strong religious convictions, which he carried his entire life, as well as a sense of honor, duty and loyalty to his home.
His mother home-schooled the child until he was about 12. At that point he entered a small local school, where he studed Greek, Latin, algebra, and geometry. He excelled in his math studies, and was widely regarded by his teachers as a polite, hardworking, and conscientious student.
When the child was 17, he decided to enter a military academy. He did so well there, notably in math and engineering, that he graduated second in his class with high honors and no demerits. He married his second cousin with whom he eventually had seven healthy and successful children.
In the military, his first assignment was with the army's corps of engineers. Later, during Mexican War, he started to gain a reputation for repeated extraordinary exploits. He repeatedly was honored for "gallant and meritorious conduct". Ultimately he rose up through the ranks of the military, until he became considered to be the nation's best military officer and became an advisor to the President of the United States.
When the a major war threatened the country, the President called upon him and asked him to accept appointment as the country's top general, leading the American army. But it was not to be. The child agonized over his choices, and wrote to his sister. In his letter to her, he said:
"With all my devotion to the Union and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an American citizen, I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home. I have therefore resigned my commission in the Army, and save in defense of my native State, with the sincere hope that my poor services may never be needed, I hope I may never be called on to draw my sword."
The rest, of course... is history. Although he put his loyalty to home and family above that of his country, because of his accomplishments and remarkable character, to this day this child nevertheless is remembered and revered as one of America's greatest generals. This son of the state of the South was

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قصة يتيم أصبح عظيم
القصة رقم 12

هذا الطفل هو روبرت أي لي وقد عاش في بيت غاب عنه الأب لكنه أصبح ضابطا عظيما.

This child was born two years before the Revolutionary War in a one-room log house with a loft on a farm in the Virginia wilderness. He was the second of four children in a military family of many decorated soldiers, including his father, but his father died when he was only five. His mother then remarried another soldier, who moved the family to Georgia.
When the child was 13, he went back to Virginia by himself in order to run the family farm. This was, even for the time, quite unusual, but the boy was very self-reliant, capable, and responsible, and became used to being on his own.
Being back in Virginia also gave him the opportunity to attend a very good little school not far from his home. Among other students who attended this school were three future presidents of the United States, one of whom would become a life-long friend.
The boy not only enjoyed his studies, but notwithstanding his young age and responsibilities, also proved himself quite able to run the farm on his own, and actually increased its size and success. In his spare time, he loved to wander in the woods. He liked to go hunting -- he was quite a good shot -- and developed a keen interest in studying the flora and fauna.
At age 17, he attended a local college so that he could continue living on and running his farm. When he was 20, he joined the military, and fought in the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. He became an army officer, battled in skimishes with Native Americans in the Northwest Territory, and continued his hobbies of hunting and observing wildlife. He also learned to speak several Native American languages.
His eclectic skills became widely appreciated, and one day his old school friend, who as it happens, was now the president, asked him to undertake another mission. This one required intense preparation that included, among other things, the study of cartography and medicine at a university in Pennsylvania.
Upon completing the mission, the child was hailed as a hero across the United States. His success had strengthened U.S. sovereignty across the continent, documented hundreds of new species of animals and plant life, and proved it possible to travel over land to the Pacific ocean. It inspired generations of Americans to push westward to settle the vast frontier, and his expedition to this day remains a cherished example of the American spirit.
This scientist, explorer, military man, pioneer, friend of Thomas Jefferson, leader of the famous Corps of Discovery, and first governor of the Louisiana Territory was

Meriwether Lewis, a boy from a "fatherless home."
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قصة يتيم أصبح عظيم
القصة رقم 13

أصبح هذا الطفل عالما ومستكشفا وعسكريا ورائدا وأول حاكم لولاية لويزيانا هو :
مريوذر مويس وهو يتيم جاء من بيت غاب عنه الأب.

EPISODE 014

This child was born on Christmas Day on a farm in England in the 1600s. He never knew his father, who died three months before he was born. His mother remarried a church minister when he was two years old, and they sent the boy off to live with his grandparents, where he was treated like an orphan. The boy was bitter about this, especially after three half-siblings were born. The grandfather with whom he lived was harsh and abusive too, and when the grandfather died when the child was ten, he left him nothing in his will. The boy's stepfather also died about that time, and so he and his grandmother ended up moving back into his mother's household, where he did not get along well with his half-siblings.
The boy had a temper, and apparently also had what we would consider to be "emotional issues". So before long, his mother sent him off to live with another family and attend a school in a town five miles from their home. The boy was not happy. He did not like school. He did not like his situation. When the school reported to his mother that he was "idle" and "inattentive" to his studies, she pulled him out of school to come home and help manage the farm. He hated that too, and proved himself to be quite lazy and untalented at this.
Finally, when he was 17, his mother's brother convinced the mother to let him return to grammar school to try again. This time while at school, he was sent to live with the headmaster. There is not much evidence that he did particularly well at first. He apparently got into a number of schoolyard fights. At some point, though, he started to apply himself, and by the time he graduated -- at an age which was much older than the other students -- he had risen to first in his class. With his uncle's encouragement and help, he entered a university intending to pursue a degree in law, through a program that now would be similar to a work-study financial aid program -- he received a salary by being a servant to other students.
One day, while he was attending the university, he purchased an astrology book, and was dismayed that he did not understand the mathematics in it. Although his major at the university was philosophy, he decided to take some classes in math, and on his own also started reading books in mathematics. He tried trigonometry first, but when he found that he did not understand that, he started with basic math and geometry. Then, once he had mastered the basics, he discovered that math was, finally, something he liked, and also was good at.
In fact, he was so good at it that within a few years, he had learned everything that could be taught in mathematics at the university. He got a job as a professor of mathematics, and before long, had developed the mathematics of the day far beyond what anyone else had done before, laying the foundations for differential and integral calculus.
In his lifetime, through his mathematical work in optics and celestial mechanics, he established the theories, principles, and bases we use today in the modern sciences of physics and astronomy. He is well-known for his Theory of Universal Gravitation and his Laws of Motion. He was the first scientist to demonstrate that the same principles that govern the motion of objects in space also govern the motion of things on Earth. He was the first person in England to be knighted based on scholarly achievement, rather than prowess on the battlefield. He is the author of a book known as the Principia -- recognized as the most important scientific work ever written. Considered by some to be the greatest scientist who ever lived, this late-bloomer, one of the most influential men in all of history, was

Sir Isaac Newton, a boy from a "fatherless home."
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السيد اسحق نيوتن , وهو اليتيم الذي جاء من بيت غاب عنه الأب منذ ما قبل الولادة.
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كل يتيم هو مشروع عظيم حسب نظريتي في تفسير الطاقة الابداعية ادناه:

http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHE03RH2wntdVG1beTS4YYg